A comprehensive review of Peste des Petits Ruminants: Epidemiology, pathology, pathogenesis, surveillance, and global eradication strategies

Authors: Emdadul Haque Chowdhury, Shadia Tasnim, Jahan Ara Begum, and Rokshana Parvin

Ger. J. Vet. Res 2026. vol. 6, Iss. 2 pp:91-107
Doi: https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2026.2.0191

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Abstract:

Peste des Petits Ruminants virus (PPRV), classified within the Morbillivirus genus, causes PPR disease, characterized by high morbidity and mortality, particularly among immunologically naive small ruminant populations. The disease imposes substantial socioeconomic burdens across Africa and Asia and is currently advancing toward Europe. Transmission occurs horizontally, with outbreaks frequently associated with seasonal stressors and increased animal movement. The pathogenesis initiates with viral replication in lymphoid tissues, followed by systemic dissemination that leads to necrotizing inflammation, lymphoid depletion, and pronounced immunosuppression. The Global Eradication Program for PPR (PPR GEP) is ongoing. Over 90% of participating countries are currently in Stage 3 or 4 of the Global PPR Eradication Strategy timeline; however, localized viral circulation may persist in regions with inadequate surveillance and control infrastructure. The integration of serological, molecular, and rapid antigen detection methods, combined with strategic vaccination and risk-based surveillance, remains essential. Enhancing diagnostic capacity, maintaining quality assurance, and updating national action plans in line with current epidemiological data are critical priorities. This review synthesizes current knowledge of PPR epidemiology, pathology, and pathogenesis

Keywords:

Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Global eradication program, Pathogenesis, Peste des Petits Ruminants, PPR virus, Surveillance

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